Transformers will inevitably produce certain losses in the process of transmitting electric energy. This loss is mainly two parts: iron loss and copper loss.

1. Iron loss is caused by the iron core, including basic iron loss and additional iron loss. Among them, basic iron loss is divided into hysteresis loss and eddy current loss; additional iron loss includes local eddy current loss caused by insulation damage between core laminations, eddy current loss caused by main magnetic flux in structural components, etc.

Iron loss is affected by the magnitude of the applied voltage, but not much by the magnitude of the load, so it is called constant loss.

2. The copper loss is caused by the resistance of the coil itself. The production of transformers requires a lot of copper wires, and the copper wires have resistance. When the current flows, the resistance will consume a certain amount of power. These losses are often turned into heat and lost. We call this This kind of loss is "copper loss". Copper loss can also be divided into basic copper loss and additional copper loss. The basic copper loss is the loss generated when the current passes through the primary coil and the secondary coil. Additional copper loss includes loss due to skin effect and eddy current loss due to structural components.

Copper loss is proportional to the square of the load current, so it is called variable loss.